What's the matter with matter?

KEY VOCABULARY
mass | volume | cubic meter | qualitative | quantitative | density | weight


What You Will Learn 
• All matter has volume and mass.
• Volume is the amount of space taken up by an object.
• Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object.
 • Weight is a measure of the gravitational force exerted on an object.
• Density is the amount of matter in a given space or volume.

Why It Matters
 Understanding what matter is and how units are used to describe matter can help you understand the structure of the physical world. What do you have in common with a toaster, a steaming bowl of soup, or a bright neon sign? You might think that this is a trick question. It is hard to believe that a person has anything in common with a kitchen appliance, hot soup, or a neon sign.

Section Summary 
• Two properties of matter are volume and mass.
• Volume is the amount of space taken up by an object.
• Mass is a measure of the amount of matter in an object.
 • The SI unit of volume is the cubic meter, but in the metric system is widely used the liter (L). The SI unit of mass is the kilogram (kg).
• Weight is a measure of the gravitational force on an object, usually in relation to Earth. Weight is expressed in newtons (N).
• The ratio between mass and volume is called density. Density can be used to distinguish susbtances and materials, but mass and volume not.

THEORY: Matter || La materia

Lab: Measuring Volume || Calculando volúmenes (ver también--> libro traducido)

Lab: Measuring Mass, Calculating Density || Midiendo masas y calculando densidades (libro traducido)

 Activity 9 • Measuring Mass, Calculating Density

 ANALYSIS 

1. What material is each metallic solid made of? Use data from this activity tosupport your explanation.

 2. Now that you have identified what each solid is made of, look at the hazards for each in 
Table 2, “Information on Selected Solids,” in Activity7. What safety precautions must you take when working with these materials? 

3. A block of wood is 4 cm wide, 5 cm long, and 10 cm high. It weighs 100 grams.
 a. Calculate its volume. 
b. Calculate its density.
 c. Will the block sink or float in water? Explain. (Remember, the density of water is 1.0 g/cm3.) 
d. Imagine cutting the block into two exactly equal halves. Calculate the volume, mass, and density of each piece.
 e. How do the densities of the new pieces compare with the density of the original block? Use your answer to Question 3d and a diagram to illustrate your answer. 

Table 3: Densities of Selected Solids

 Type of solid material || Density (g/cm3) 

Plastics High-density polyethylene (HDPE) 0.95

 Polystyrene (PS) 1.1 

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) 1.3 

Metals Magnesium 1.7 

Beryllium 1.9

 Aluminum 2.7 

Titanium 4.5 

Zinc 7.1 

Iron 7.9 

Tungsten 19.4

DENSITY WORKSHEET || EJERCICIOS SOBRE DENSIDAD

Lab. Safety. Handling Hazardous Materials

SAFETY FIRST 

How should unidentified materials be handled?

KEY VOCABULARY

evidence | hazardous material | mixture | corrosive | radioactive | flammable | toxic

 Labeling hazardous materials

Hazardous Materials at Home || págs del libro traducidas

• How should unwanted household hazardous materials be handled?
• (A14, q3) Make a list of the types of products you might find at home that could pose hazard.
• (A14,4) Using this table  mark whether you agree or disagree with the statements. Then predict what you think other members of your group will say. Then discuss the statements with your group. Write a summary of the discussion in your journal.